如何种植梨树

Albert Evans 19-10-2023
Albert Evans

说明

如果您正在为您的后院或花园寻找一种低维护的果树,那么梨树是您最好的选择。 作为原产于西欧的果树之一,梨树在寒冷国家的家庭花园中很常见,因为它们可以在最严酷的冬天存活下来。 虽然它们在花园中不像苹果树那样受欢迎、虽然梨树不需要太多的照料,但在种植、浇水、喂食和修剪时注意一些事项将确保梨树健康成长并结出丰硕的果实。 此外,确保您购买的砧木最适合您所在地区的气候条件,以尽量减少问题的发生。查看我们的提示,了解如何种植梨树、如何修剪梨树以及如何护理一棵健康的梨树。

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提示1:梨树在哪里生长最好?

梨树应尽量生长在阳光充足的地方,并远离强风。 此外,还应避免花园中任何易受霜冻或积水影响的区域。 您还应确保有足够的空间,以便梨树在生长过程中能够伸展开来。 大多数梨树都被培养成灌木状或扇形。 根据您所种植的梨树的不同,您可以选择不同的梨树形状。选择时要确保树木有足够的空间和支撑,以便自由生长。

提示2:什么土壤最适合梨树生长?

梨喜欢pH值为6至7的微酸性土壤。

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技巧3:梨树的浇水技巧

梨树栽种后,立即用洒水器或慢速喷雾器浇水,使土壤湿润,直到地面沉降。 新栽种的梨树第一年需要每周浇水一次。 检查土壤是否湿润,必要时增加浇水次数。 梨树长成后,根系会深入土壤,需要的浇水会减少。但应在落叶前检查湿度并浇水。 避免浇水过多,因为梨树的根部不应位于潮湿的土壤中。

技巧4:滋养梨树

像大多数果树一样,梨树在生长的第一年不需要施肥。 氮是梨树最重要的养分,梨树不生长通常是缺氮的迹象。 监测梨树的生长,看它是否每年至少生长45至60厘米。 如果是,这意味着如果您发现树木生长缓慢,可以在基部周围添加一些堆肥作为覆盖物,为树木提供养分。

技巧5:用树叶覆盖土壤

梨树基部周围的枯叶覆盖物有助于缓和温度和保持水分,防止水分蒸发。 此外,枯叶覆盖物还可以防止基部周围的杂草和小草生长。 因此,在梨树基部周围添加约7至10厘米的枯叶覆盖物对梨树是有益的,但要确保这些枯叶覆盖物不会影响梨树的生长。覆盖物应离树干几厘米远,否则可能导致树干腐烂或啮齿动物攻击。

技巧6:如何支撑梨树

在梨树种植过程中,用木桩支撑梨树,可促使梨树树干笔直,使根系良好扎根。 树龄几年后,可以移除木桩。

技巧7.如何修剪梨树 - 新梨树的技巧

建议在植树时对枝条进行轻度修剪。 如果您种植的是大树,最好将树干上的所有枝条或小枝修剪至基部60厘米以内。 在此水平线以上,如果两个枝条在一起争夺空间,则保留较强的一个,修剪另一个。

技巧8.梨树的修剪 - 何时修剪

每年修剪梨树的最佳时间是在冬末春初,即最寒冷的天气过去之后或新的生长开始之前。 修剪时只需轻微修剪,因为过度修剪会导致叶片生长过多,从而延迟或减少坐果。 修剪梨树时,请记住中央树干是梨树的基部,从树干的顶端到树冠的顶端。因此,应保留中央主干,修剪侧枝,使树呈圆锥形或金字塔形。 在保持金字塔形的同时,应先修剪第一组枝条,然后再修剪下一组枝条,枝条之间应保持30厘米左右的距离,以便为树提供充足的阳光和空气流通。

秘诀9:梨树的病害

虽然梨树相对来说没有病害,但影响梨树的一个问题是Erwinia amylovora细菌,这种细菌在环境中越冬。 它们利用落果或落叶在春季高温时迅速繁殖。 火疫病的标志是树体组织中的粘稠液体,昆虫将其带到花朵上、在这种情况下,预防是最好的补救措施。 您可以通过清除所有落果和落叶、将受影响的枝条修剪至少20厘米并在冬季焚烧处理来控制枯萎病。 在种植新树时,最好选择抗枯萎病的梨树品种。

我建议您也阅读其他园艺技巧项目,如:如何种植和养护芒果树的5个步骤

Albert Evans

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